Phenolic and flavonoids compounds Punica Granatum L peel extracts obtained under different extraction conditions and their antioxidant properties

This study investigates the effects of maceration extraction conditions, including temperature variation, simplicia/solvent ratio, and extraction duration, on pomegranate peels' phytochemical content, yield, total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Pomegranate peel is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which have been reported to have therapeutic properties against diseases such as liver inflammation and leukaemia cells, and as an antibacterial agent. Experimental results indicate that pomegranate peel extract contains active components, including phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroid glycosides, saponins, and tannins. The study demonstrates that the optimum conditions for extracting pomegranate peels are a maceration temperature of 27°C for 30 minutes with a simplicia/solvent ratio of 1:3, resulting in a yield of 88.13%, total phenolic content of 12.47%, total flavonoid content of 4.78%, and an IC50 value of 46.05 ppm, which classifies it as a powerful antioxidant. The study highlights the importance of extraction conditions in obtaining optimal phytochemical content and antioxidant activity from pomegranate peels, which may have implications for their use in disease treatment and prevention.