Jonathan, Homoeroticism, and Masculinity

Abstract Jonathan’s relationship with David, whether platonic or homoerotic, plays an important role in any study of Jonathan. This chapter opens with a succinct history of interpretation of the homoerotic nuances in the biblical texts, in dialogue with ancient Near Eastern texts and modern scholarship. It likewise provides a concise discussion of masculinity studies and their relevance for understanding the relationship between Jonathan and David. The chapter highlights the inherent ambiguity of the descriptions of Jonathan in 1–2 Samuel. Jonathan comes across as a very masculine man, as exemplified by his military heroism, articulate and eloquent speech, and judicious and upright personality. At the same time, he defies gender expectations in his relationship with David, for whose sake he gives up his own claim to the throne in humble adoration. Overall, Jonathan becomes a more coherent character when the readers assume that his feelings for David have erotic undercurrents.