Advancing Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) seismic technology: A conceptual framework for improved reservoir characterization and production planning

Advancing Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) seismic technology has revolutionized subsurface exploration, offering unprecedented accuracy and depth in reservoir characterization and production planning. This study proposes a conceptual framework that integrates the latest advancements in OBN seismic technology with innovative methodologies for optimizing hydrocarbon recovery and production efficiency. By deploying autonomous nodes on the ocean floor, OBN technology captures high-fidelity seismic data, overcoming limitations of traditional towed-streamer systems, particularly in complex geological settings and obstructed areas. The framework emphasizes the integration of full-waveform inversion (FWI) and machine learning algorithms to enhance data processing and interpretation. FWI provides high-resolution imaging of subsurface structures, while machine learning facilitates automated pattern recognition and predictive modeling, reducing interpretation errors. These combined techniques enable detailed mapping of reservoir properties such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation, which are critical for informed decision-making in exploration and production. The study also explores the role of multi-azimuth and multi-component data acquisition in improving illumination and imaging of complex reservoirs. Additionally, it highlights the potential of real-time data transmission and cloud-based analytics for accelerating workflows and fostering collaborative decision-making across multidisciplinary teams. Environmental and economic considerations are central to the proposed framework. The use of OBN seismic technology minimizes environmental disruption during data acquisition, aligning with sustainability goals. Cost efficiency is addressed through advancements in node design, deployment strategies, and data processing techniques, which reduce operational expenses while maximizing data quality. By offering a comprehensive overview of the technological, methodological, and sustainability dimensions, this conceptual framework underscores the transformative potential of OBN seismic technology in the energy sector. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of reservoir dynamics, paving the way for optimized production planning and enhanced recovery strategies.