Study About the Effect of Dexmedetomidine Versus Lignocaine on Hemodynamic and Recovery Responses During Tracheal Extubation

Introduction: During tracheal extubation, hemodynamic fluctuations can occur, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, potentially causing adverse events. Dexmedetomidine and Lignocaine are used to lessen these effects. This study compares Dexmedetomidine and Lignocaine to determine their impact on hemodynamic stability and recovery during tracheal extubation. Methodology: A study at Services Hospital, Lahore, involved 70 patients undergoing general anesthesia in the Department of Anesthesiology. Patients were divided into Group D (Dexmedetomidine) and Group L (Lignocaine) receiving intravenous doses before extubation. Hemodynamic parameters were measured before, during, and after extubation. SPSS version 26.0 was used for data analysis, applying an independent t-test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The Dexmedetomidine group had consistently lower heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared to the Lignocaine group (p = 0.001). At extubation, Group D showed HR 89.40 bpm, SBP 130.32 mmHg, and DBP 85.89 mmHg, whereas Group L had HR 104.29 bpm, SBP 142.10 mmHg, and DBP 99.39 mmHg. Five minutes post-extubation, Group D exhibited better hemodynamic stability with significantly lower HR, SBP, and DBP compared to Group L (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine outperformed Lignocaine in maintaining stable hemodynamics during tracheal extubation, indicated by consistently lower HR, SBP, and DBP. This study recommends Dexmedetomidine as a superior choice for minimizing hemodynamic stress during extubation and promoting smoother recovery.