Advances in the Improvement of Oncidium History and Perspectives

Oncidium orchids, commonly known as “dancing lady orchids,” represent a diverse genus with significant horticultural and commercial value. Breeding programs aimed at improving Oncidium species and hybrids have developed over the past few decades, driven by their ornamental characteristics such as flower colour, size, form, fragrance and disease resistance. This review explores the traditional and modern approaches used in Oncidium orchid breeding, including classical hybridisation, mutagenesis, polyploidy and some biotechnological advancements such as tissue culture and molecular markers. Furthermore, the challenges and potential future directions in breeding Oncidium orchids, including the development of novel traits are discussed.