Urban agriculture empowerment: Donkey-driven maize planter for sustainable food production in Sub-Saharan African cities

<p>The lack of affordable and lightweight mechanized maize planters suitable for small-scale farms in Botswana, where donkeys serve as the primary source of draught power, poses a significant challenge. This study addresses this issue by designing a cost-effective model of a two-row donkey-drawn maize planter. A comprehensive analysis of various existing planter technologies was conducted, and their principles were carefully adapted to develop an optimal two-row planter suitable for donkey traction. The selection of appropriate materials for each component, accompanied by the use of SolidWorks software for detailed drawings and fabrication, resulted in a user-friendly planter design. The mass estimation of the assembled planter was calculated to be 48.93 kg, making it light enough to be drawn by three donkeys. Notably, the estimated cost of the unit planter assembly is approximately 200 USD. Despite these advancements, it is important to acknowledge certain limitations. This study introduces an innovative solution to address the need for affordable, lightweight, and donkey-drawn maize planters in Sub-Saharan Africa. By leveraging existing technologies and employing appropriate materials, the proposed design offers a practical and cost-effective option for small-scale farmers. Further research is necessary to assess the planter’s performance under varying soil conditions, evaluate its long-term durability, and optimize its planting efficiency. Additionally, consideration should be given to implementing additional features such as seed depth control mechanisms and adjustable row spacing to enhance the versatility of the planter.</p>