Fetal Testicular Teratoma: Report of a Prenatally Undiagnosed Case and Literature Review

Abstract Background: Neonatal testicular teratoma is very rare. In addition, testicular teratoma diagnoses are usually missed during the relatively short neonatal period. We report the case of an infant with an undiagnosed testicular teratoma, who presented clinical signs during the prenatal and neonatal periods. We also reviewed the literature for ultrasonographic findings of prenatal and infancy testicular teratomas in an attempt to promote timely diagnoses and treatments for testicular teratomas. Case presentation: A 29-year-old pregnant woman underwent a routine obstetric examination at 30w+2d of gestation. Doppler ultrasound examination revealed a cystic mass (30 × 26 × 26 mm) in the left lower abdomen of the fetus, next to the bladder. The inner wall of the cyst enveloped a heterogeneous hyperechoic solid mass of approximately 7 × 7 mm in size, without a blood flow signal. Regular ultrasound monitoring was continued during the pregnancy and neonatal periods. The infant underwent left testicular tumor resection at 10 months and 11 days after birth. The postoperative pathological result revealed a mature teratoma; after the treatment, the child presented no recurrences at the six-month follow-up visit. Conclusions: Testicular teratomas should be suspected in fetuses with abdominal mixed cyst-solid or solid masses (especially in the presence of solid component calcifications) and an empty scrotum.