Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of animal Salmonellosis in Ethiopia

Abstract Background Salmonellosis remained the global public health problems of animals and humans. Consumption of animal food from infected animals or from the contamination of carcasses such as cattle, swine, and sheep and poultry are the main sources of non-Typhoidal Salmonella and the leading cause of zoonotic foodborne diseases. The eligibility criteria of this study has included publication in English, cross-sectional study, samples of food animal origin, antimicrobial sensitivity test methods. Google Scholar and PubMed have used to search the prevalence, incidence, distribution, antimicrobial resistance, animals and humans. Author, study area, study period, sample sources, number of animals, number of samples, positive isolates were used as search strategy. Results A total of 8.4% (564/6721) animal salmonellosis were identified from 11 studies in Ethiopia. The source of samples were pigs, cattle, poultry, and eggs. Five studies were selected for the analysis of prevalence and drug resistance of animal salmonellosis whereas six were found eligible for analysis of animal salmonellosis in serotype level and twenty nine serotypes were extracted having 354 isolates. Of the total 147(6.1%) isolates in five studies, ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline were resistant to 89 (60.5%), 70 (47.6%) and 64(43.5%) respectively. The resistant profile for ceftriaxone, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin were 20 (13.6%), 21 (12.9%) and 10 (6.8%), respectively. Twelve serotypes having 204 isolates have showed antimicrobial resistance. Six serotypes had multidrug resistance comprising 120 isolates. The predominant serotype that showed MDR (to three antibiotics) was S. Hadar 81 (67.5%) followed by S. Kentucky 22(18.3%). Conclusion The overall prevalence of animal salmonellosis in Ethiopia was 8.4% (564/6721).The source of samples for the assessment of the prevalence of animal salmonellosis in Ethiopia were pigs, cattle, poultry, and eggs. Of the total 147(6.1%) isolates in five studies, ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline were resistant to 89 (60.5%), 70 (47.6%) and 64(43.5%), respectively. A total of 29 serotypes comprising 354 isolates were revealed from six studies. Twelve serotypes having 204 isolates were showed antimicrobial resistance. Six serotypes showed multidrug resistance and the predominant serotype that showed MDR was S. Hadar 81 (67.5%) followed by S. Kentucky 22(18.3%)