A Novel Routing Protocol to Enhance Efficiency and Sustainability in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract This research paper conducts a comparative analysis of energy-efficient routing protocols within Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), focusing on their role in optimizing the data gathering process.The evaluated protocols include LEACH, HEED, TEEN, and the novel CoSwarm-LEACH, leveraging effective data ensemble techniques and optimal clustering strategies. Their primary objective is to minimize energy dissipation among sensor nodes while maximizing resource utilization through the strategic election of cluster heads for each cluster.The protocols employ a criterion of selecting high residual energy nodes to facilitate energy-efficient routing, consequently enhancing packet delivery rates and reducing overall energy consumption. Experimental analysis reveals that the proposed CoSwarm-LEACH protocol surpasses existing energy-balanced routing protocols across multiple performance metrics, including latency, network overhead, energy consumption, and throughput.The findings unequivocally demonstrate the superior performance of CoSwarm-LEACH in comparison to conventional protocols, showcasing its potential to significantly extend the network lifetime of WSNs. The novel CoSwarm-LEACH protocol emerges as a promising solution, offering heightened efficiency and sustainability in WSN operations by optimizing energy-efficient routing strategies and improving overall network performance.