Innovative Green Synthesis of Biochar from Seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Abstract The growing concern over environmental pollution and the need for sustainable waste management solutions has led to the exploration of eco-friendly approaches for wastewater treatment. This study investigates the potential of Caulerpa lentillifera, a commonly found green macroalgae, as a precursor for biochar synthesis and its application in wastewater treatment. Through a sustainable and green synthesis process, biochar was successfully produced from Caulerpa lentillifera biomass via pyrolysis, utilizing low-temperature conditions to minimize energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The produced biochar was characterized using various analytical techniques to assess its physicochemical properties, including surface area, pore size distribution, elemental composition, and surface functional groups. Furthermore, the efficacy of Caulerpa lentillifera-derived biochar in wastewater treatment was evaluated through batch adsorption experiments, focusing on removing organic contaminants and heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The results demonstrate the promising adsorption capacity of Caulerpa lentillifera-derived biochar for pollutant removal, highlighting its potential as an eco-friendly and sustainable adsorbent for wastewater treatment applications. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on utilizing natural resources for environmental remediation and emphasizes the importance of sustainable approaches in addressing water pollution challenges.