Public Perceptions of Nature-Based Coastal Management Solutions in the UK

Nature-based coastal solutions (NBCS) are gaining prominence among coastal scientists as sustainable strategies to address long-term challenges in coastal zones. However, their implementation will reshape coastal landscapes, requiring careful engagement with the public, whose socio-cultural values are directly affected by such changes. We, therefore, explore public perceptions, preferences, and perceived effectiveness of various coastal management strategies, with a focus on NBCS, using the UK as a case study. We carry out an online survey of > 500 UK residents, collecting data on demographics, place of residence, and views on coastal management. Using inductive coding, statistical analysis, and geospatial techniques, we identify a general consensus on the need for coastal management but find divergent preferences. While NBCS are the most preferred option, traditional hard defences are perceived as the most effective. Respondents with coastal management or engineering experience express greater confidence in the effectiveness of NBCS, whereas coastal residents prefer hard defences. Despite the ecological benefits of NBCS – e.g., enhanced coastal protection, carbon sequestration, and increased biodiversity – public understanding of their potential effectiveness remains limited. To advance NBCS adoption as a sustainable solution, greater engagement with local stakeholders is crucial. Tools such as systems mapping could support the development of inclusive and effective coastal management policies.