Treatment burden and medication adherence among older patients in comprehensive specialised hospitals in the Amhara Region in Ethiopia: a multicentre, cross-sectional study

Objectives Due to numerous comorbidities, complicated medical regimens and age-related difficulties, older adults frequently confront substantial treatment burdens and poor medication adherence, which could result in poor health outcomes. This study assessed the treatment burden and medication adherence among older adults in comprehensive specialised hospitals in the Amhara Region in Ethiopia. Design A multicentre hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 30 March to 30 July 2024. Setting The study was conducted at four comprehensive specialised hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. Participants Patients were ≥65 years old, diagnosed with two chronic illnesses and were receiving medical attention for the relevant issue. Outcome measures This study employed the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire to assess treatment burden and the General Medication Adherence Scale to assess medication adherence. Data analysis was conducted using STATA version 17. Linear and binary logistic regressions were used to analyse the dependent variables of treatment burden and medication adherence to the determining factors, respectively. Results 422 patients took part in this study. Regarding treatment burden, 75% report a high burden. Of the patients, 32.20% adhered well, whereas 67.80% did not. The medication regimen complexity index (MRCI; β=0.029, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.058; p=0.047), age (β=0.027, 95% CI 0.009 to 0.044; p=0.004) and number of medications (β=0.168, 95% CI 0.045 to 0.291; p=0.007) were associated with higher treatment burden. Variables associated with medication non-adherence included rural residence (adjusted OR 2.249, 95% CI, 1.356 to 3.732; p=0.002), care provided by relatives (1.744, 1.055 to 2.883; p=0.030), moderate Charlson comorbidity index (CCI; 2.241, 1.220 to 4.117; p=0.009), severe CCI (6.953, 3.526 to 13.715; p=0.000), polypharmacy (1.615, 1.055 to 3.230; p=0.044) and treatment burden (1.501, 1.023 to 3.090; p=0.015). Conclusion Of the older adult patients enrolled in this study, three-quarters had a high treatment burden, and more than two-thirds had poor adherence. A high treatment burden was associated with age, medication use and MRCI, whereas non-adherence was associated with self-management, residency, CCI, medication use, MRCI and treatment burden.