Spinal lumbar stenosis (analysis of the literature and own results)

The article is devoted to the issues of etiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of spinal stenosis of the lumbar spine. The possibilities of modern instrumental diagnostics of the disease are described, the differential clinical diagnosis of lumbar stenosis is presented. The paper presents a detailed classification of spinal stenosis. The modern therapeutic tactics of the disease are described, indications for the surgical treatment of the disease are given. Modern methods of surgical treatment of stenosis are briefly and schematically described: decompression (microsurgical and endoscopic), interspinous fixation, stabilization (dorsal and ventral) and epidural stimulation of the spinal cord. The data on the immediate and long-term results of surgical methods of treatment are presented. The authors also presented their experience in the treatment of spinal stenosis of the lumbar spine. The use of differentiated surgical treatment tactics in 85–90 % of cases provides good and excellent results in the treatment of lumbar stenosis.