Analytical Solution of the Poiseuille Flow of Second-grade Blood Nanofluid: Comparison of Alumina, Graphene and Copper Nanoparticles

Poiseuille flows are crucial in various fields, including engineering and the chemical industry, explaining phenomena such as increased blood pressure in narrowed capillaries and aiding in the design of fluid management systems. Traditionally, studies on Poiseuille flows have focused on Newtonian fluids in non-moving pipes, limiting advancements in the field. This research addresses the gap by exploring the Poiseuille flow of a viscoelastic non-Newtonian second-grade nanofluid. These second-grade fluids, applicable in polymer processing and cosmetics manufacturing, exhibit both shear-thinning and shear-thickening properties under certain conditions. The study analytically solves the flow characteristics of blood nanofluids, reducing the governing equations to ordinary differential equations using standard Poiseuille flow assumptions. The simulation results reveal that among the three nanofluids tested, graphene-blood nanofluid achieves the highest velocity, while copper-blood nanofluid exhibits the lowest. Additionally, the velocity of graphene-blood nanofluid decreases with an increase in volume percentage. This work not only advances the understanding of non-Newtonian fluid dynamics but also provides insights into optimizing fluid management systems in biomedical and industrial applications.