Adrenal Incidentaloma

Abstract Adrenal incidentalomas are adrenal tumours discovered incidentally on around 5% of cross-sectional imaging studies performed for indications unrelated to adrenal disease. The incidental discovery of an adrenal mass has evolved into a common problem, because of the increasingly widespread use of cross-sectional imaging in current clinical practice. Over the last two decades, the number of abdominal CT and MRI imaging studies performed for various reasons quadrupled, and increasing resolution of these imaging studies allows for detection of ever smaller tumours, explaining the growing numbers of patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Any patient with a newly detected adrenal mass requires further evaluation to assess: (1) whether the adrenal mass is functioning (i.e. overproducing adrenal hormones), and (2) whether the adrenal mass is malignant or benign.