A Brief Review of Massive MIMO Technology for the Next Generation

Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is an evolving technology based on the principle of spatial multiplexing winch consisting in using at the same time the same radio frequencies to send different signals. The several transmitting antennas from a base station can transmit different signals and several receiving antennas from a device can receive and divide them simultaneously. Due to the physically difficult of installing antennas close to each other, standard MIMO networks generally limit four antenna-side transmitters and receivers for data transmission while it could be more. The study aims to review the traditional MIMO different types as well as investigates the SNR between Single Input Single Output (SISO) and MIMO to ensure the best wireless connection functionality. In addition to that, a simple comparison to distinguish between SISO, SIMO, MISO, and MIMO in term of capacity and data rate to provide an indication for the quality of the wireless connection. The work's contribution is to illustrate technological benefits like MIMO, which boosts data speeds and increases the reliability of wireless networks. The outcome shows a SISO system would have a lower data rate than other systems because it only has one antenna at the transmitter and receiver, whereas a MISO system would typically have a greater Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) than a SISO or SIMO system because it uses several transmit antennas. MIMO, however, took advantage of all the positive characteristics and emerged as the best solution overall.