Seasonal Variations in Otorhinolaryngology Case Presentations: Findings from a Pilot Study in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Mardan

Abstract Background: This retrospective study aimed to examine the seasonal variations in the prevalence of otorhinolaryngological (ORL) disorders at a prominent teaching hospital in Mardan, spanning from October 2023 to September 2024. By analyzing patient data from the Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Department, this study explored the seasonal trends in ORL conditions, considering the type of disorder, time of presentation, and demographic characteristics. Results: The study revealed significant seasonal variations in the prevalence of ORL conditions. Otitis media showed a marked increase during the spring and summer months, while upper respiratory tract infections, such as acute sinusitis and rhinitis, were more frequent in colder months. Notably, there was a rise in cases of epistaxis and tonsillitis during transitional seasons, which could be influenced by fluctuating environmental conditions and immune responses. The study also identified the 16–30 years age group as the most affected, indicating that young adults are particularly vulnerable to seasonal ORL conditions. Surgical case volumes exhibited seasonal fluctuations, with peak months observed in spring and autumn. Tonsillectomy and septoplasty were more common in winter, while functional endoscopic sinus surgeries (FESS) peaked in spring. Conclusions: This study highlights the seasonal patterns in otorhinolaryngological disorders, emphasizing the importance of incorporating these variations into clinical practice. Understanding these patterns can aid in optimizing healthcare resource allocation, improving patient care, and developing targeted prevention and management strategies. This approach is essential for better addressing the seasonal impact on ORL disorders.