An algorithmic approach to arterial blood gas analysis for cardiologists

Abstract An arterial blood gas (ABG) is a laboratory test to monitor the patient’s acid base balance. The body regulates pH closely to maintain homeostasis. This test is used to determine the magnitude of the compensation by the buffer system and includes the measurements of the acidity (pH), levels of oxygen, and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. Acid base disorders can lead to severe complications in many disease states. ABG interpretation is paramount in critically ill patients. Many methods already exist to guide the interpretation of the ABG. This article does not include methods such as analysis of base excess or Stewart’s strong ion difference. It is paramount for cardiologists to understand ABG interpretation to manage their patients effectively. Interpreting ABGs may seem complex, but a systematic approach is required to diagnose and treat disorders by quick and easy ABG interpretation.