Comparisons and Associations between Hip-Joint Position Sense and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Elderly Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Cross-Sectional Study

Hip-joint position sense (JPS) accuracy may be impaired in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An impaired hip JPS can alter postural control and bodily balance. The objectives of this study are to (1) compare the hip JPS between T2DM and asymptomatic and (2) assess the relationship between hip JPS and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc). This comparative cross-sectional study included 117 elderly individuals with T2DM (mean age: 59.82 ± 6.80 y) and 142 who were asymptomatic (mean age: 57.52 ± 6.90 y). The hip JPS was measured using a digital inclinometer. The individuals were repositioned to a target position with their eyes closed, and the magnitudes of matching errors were estimated as reposition errors. The hip JPS was evaluated in the flexion and abduction directions. The magnitude of reposition errors was significantly larger in the T2DM group in the right flexion (p < 0.001), the right abduction (p < 0.001), the left flexion (p < 0.001), and the left abduction (p < 0.001) directions compared to the asymptomatic group. HbA1c values showed a significant positive correlation with JPS in the right-hip flexion (r = 0.43, p < 0.001), the right-hip abduction (r = 0.36, p < 0.001), the left-hip flexion (r = 0.44, p < 0.001), and the left-hip abduction (r = 0.49, p < 0.001) directions. Hip JPS testing may be considered when assessing and formulating treatment strategies for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Future research should focus on how hip JPS can impact balance and falls in individuals with T2DM.