Design and Optimization of 4-way set Associative Mapped Cache Controller

Abstract: In the realm of modern computer systems, the 4-way set associative mapped cache controller emerges as a cornerstone, revolutionizing memory access efficiency. This exploration delves into its core principles, revealing its pivotal role in synchronizing rapid CPUs with slower main memory. By orchestrating seamless data exchange and employing intelligent replacement policies, this controller optimizes performance. Embarking on practical realization, a non-pipelined processor materializes using Xilinx Vivado and Verilog HDL, propelling frequent memory read/write requests for the 4-way set associative mapped cache. The quest for efficiency fuels refinements, culminating in an optimized cache controller design. Rigorously validated within the Xilinx Vivado environment, the architecture demonstrates tangible success with quantified outcomes. The design framework encompasses a 4K byte primary memory, complemented by a 1K byte 4-way set associative cache. This setting scrutinizes the optimized cache controller's efficacy. The dedicated test module, housing a suite of instructions, underscores its performance. Remarkably, the evaluation showcases 19 cache hits and 6 cache misses, revealing the potency of the optimized design in minimizing cache misses, particularly in call and jump instructions, an essential stride towards enhanced memory efficiency.