A simple measurement method for in-situ temperature-dependent piezoelectric coefficient d 33 of piezoelectric materials

Abstract Piezoelectric materials have been widely used in sensors, actuators, and transducers due to their positive and inverse piezoelectric effects, which can convert electrical and mechanical energy into one another. The most important parameter to evaluate the piezoelectric properties of materials is their piezoelectric coefficient (d 33). The value of d 33 varies with temperature. The measurement of temperature-dependent d 33 is a difficult task and at present, the equipment used to measure the temperature-dependent d 33 has many limitations. To overcome these limitations, the current study proposes an in situ temperature-dependent d 33 measuring method based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials. The newly developed measuring equipment contains a laser vibrometer, and automatic detection program including data processing. Moreover, the image is displayed on LabVIEW program. Compared with the quasi-static temperature-dependent d 33 measurement method, the KNN- based piezoelectric material demonstrated the reliability of this measurement method.