The Proton Mass and the Origin of Fermion Generations from Anisotropic Space

This paper presents a unified theoretical framework explaining the precise limit of 18 energy levels in Lockyer’s photon-based proton model. We propose that the anisotropic structure of space, induced by multiverse boundary conditions, imposes a fundamental constraint on nucleon formation. It is crucial to note that Lockyer’s model—which calculates the proton mass from a sum of nested energy layers of unknown substructure—does not reject the quark model of QCD. Instead, the quark content could be interpreted as the proton’s internal response to external excitations, such as the kinetic energy delivered in collision events. This anisotropy defines three primary stiffness axes, which not only explain the three fermion generations and neutrino oscillations but also set an upper bound on the number of sustainable energy layers within composite particles. The 18th layer energy of the Lockyer’s proton (∼ 538mec2) significantly surpasses the threshold for muon pair production (∼ 413.54mec2), indicating a phase transition boundary where additional energy input preferentially creates second-generation particles rather than expanding the proton structure. This model, consistent with cosmological hadronization temperatures, offers a mechanistic explanation for the stability of the proton and its mass ratio, while integrating insights from anisotropic cosmology and multiverse theory and potentially eliminates the need for a primordial inflation epoch.