A Mini Review on Used Medical Yarns in the Braiding Production Methods for Biomaterial Applications

Biomaterials are advanced materials that can be implanted within the body, depending on the required design criteria, usually as a result of the production of polymeric-based, and medical yarns by the braiding method. Braiding method is widely used in the production of biomaterials due to its advantages, including a high elastic modulus, high tensile strength, and high dimensional stability properties. The high biological and mechanical properties required in biomaterials depend on the yarn type, yarn count (dtex), braid yarn count, braid ply number, braid angle (°), and braiding structure (2-D, or 3-D) such as some braiding production process parameters. When UHMWPE, PET, HT PET, and PP multifilament yarns are used, they increase the mechanical values in the axial direction in biomaterials. The addition of ELA yarn significantly increases the maximum percentage of breaking elongation. When PGA, PLGA, and PDO multifilament yarns are used, the resorption period is between 2 and 12 months. When PA 6, PA 6.6, HDPE, UHMWPE, PP, PET, PVDF, and PTFE multifilament yarns are used, the resorption period is permanent. In order to shorten the rehabilitation period, biological chemicals such as CHI, COL, and HA can be coated on these structures by impregnation method. Afterwards, the sterilization process must be applied, and FDA approval must be also obtained. Finally, they are widely used in artificial surgical suture, artificial ligament, artificial tendon, and artificial vein applications.