Hymenoptera Venom Anaphylaxis

Systemic reactions to insect sting can be life-threatening. Life-threatening systemic reactions to insect sting are estimated to occur in 0.4% to 0.8 % of children and in 3 % of adults. Hymenoptera stings that includes Apoidea (bees), Vespoidea (wasps, hornets, and yellow jackets), and Formicidae (ants) cause more deaths than other insects all over the world. Hymenoptera venom include mixtures of numerous relevant allergens .The diagnosis of venom allergy is based on both of clinical history and positive skin test response, and/or specific immunoglobulin E antibodies. Allergic reactions may develop after stinging by hymenoptera venom. It is ranging from local up to severe systemic reactions and even fatal anaphylaxis. The treatment of large local reactions is oral antihistamines and corticosteroid therapy. Patients with any signs or symptoms of anaphylaxis should immediately receive epinephrine intramuscularly, emergency medical attention and treatment. After acute treatment of a sting reaction, patients should be given a prescription for an epinephrine autoinjector. Patients with experiences of systemic reactions after hymenoptera venom sting with positive specific IgE should receive venom immunotherapy. Venom immunotherapy is the only causal treatment to prevent further systemic sting reactions. The protective rate of venom immunotherapy is reported 98% in patients with had venom anaphylaxis history.