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Karakteristik Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) Ketika El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Perkembangan peristiwa El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) menunjukkan peran penting bagi Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Variasi angin permukaan (UWND) dan konveksi (OLR) intramusiman yang merupakan komponen dari variabilitas MJO sangat berinteraksi dengan komponen ENSO dalam skala waktu dan ruang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Diagram Hovmueller untuk melihat perambatan konveksi, analisis spektral untuk melihat frekuensi MJO, analisis spektral bilangan gelombang-frekuensi untuk melihat perambatan dan bilangan gelombang zonal, serta analisis spektral silang untuk melihat koherensi serta fase dari konveksi dan angin zonal dengan band-pass filter 20-100 hari. Secara keseluruhan, hasil analisis spektral menunjukkan MJO memiliki frekuensi 30-60 harian. Hasil analisis diagram Hovmueller ketika peristiwa El-Nino lemah (tahun 2004-2005) menjelaskan bahwa ada perambatan konveksi ke timur tetapi hanya terjadi pada awal tahun sangat cepat atau tidak beraturan dan kemudian hilang. Konveksi menunjukkan bilangan gelombang zonal 1 ketika bulan Mei-Okt dan bilangan zonal 1-4 ketika bulan Nov-Apr. Spektrum silang menunjukkan angin zonal mendahului konveksi 1/8 putaran yang berarti ada hubungan fisis antara UWND dan OLR dengan koherensi 0.65 di bilangan zonal 1-2. Ketika peristiwa El-Nino sangat kuat (tahun 1997-1998), diagram Hovmueller menunjukkan tidak adanya perambatan konveksi dari Samudera Hindia ke Pasifik bagian barat. Anomali dan perambatan konveksi sangat kuat pada awal tahun 1997 ketika fase normal dan melemah pada bulan Juli hingga hilang sama sekali seiring meningkatnya El-Nino. konveksi menunjukkan bulan Nov-Apr memiliki nilai spektral yang lebih kuat daripada bulan Mei-Okt. Koherensi menjukkan nilai yang tinggi pada bilangan zonal 1-2 dengan range 0.35-0.65, begitupula angin zonal juga mendahului konveksi sebesar 1/8 putaran. Perubahan signifikan pada MJO terlihat pada perambatan konveksi yang menghilang ketika semakin kuatnya El-Nino. melemahnya MJO, dan frekuensi dari MJO yang menjadi lebih tinggi. Kata Kunci  :  band-pass filter; Diagram Hovmueller; konveksi; spektrum silang; angin zonal The development of ENSO (El-Nino Southern Oscillation) events hows an important role for MJO (Madden Julian Oscillation). Variation of intraseasonal zonal wind and convection (OLR) are important components of MJO variability which interact with ENSO components in space-time scale. Before processing, data are filtered with Lanczos bandpass filter 20-100 days. This research using Hovmueller diagram to see the propagation of convection and zonal wind, spectral analysis to see MJO frequency, wavenumber-frequency spectra to see  propagation of MJO and its zonal wavenumber, and cross-spectrum analysis to see coherence and phase lag between convection and zonal wind. Spectral analysis have shown that MJO have frequency of 30-60 days. During weak El-Nino event (1991-1992), Hovmueller diagram have  discovered that there is eastward propagation of convection in the early years but occurs very quickly or irregularly and than dissipated. Convection have zonal wavenumber of 1 when May-Oct and zonal wavenumber of 1-4 when Nov-Apr. Cross-spectrum shows that zonal wind leads convection by 1/8 cycle with coherence 0.65 in zonal wavenumber 1-2. Hovmueller diagram have shown that there are no eastward propagation from Indian Ocean to Western Pacific during strong El-Nino event (1997-1998). Convection and propagation were very strong in early 1997 then weakened in July to disappear altogether as El-Nino strenghtened. Wavenumber-frequency spectra have shown that Nov-Apr convection has weaker value than May-Oct convection. Cross-spectrum shows large coherence in zonal wavenumber 1-2 with range of 0.35-0.65 and zonal wind leads convection by 1/8 cycle. Significant changes in MJO are seen in the disappearance of propagation of convection, weakening of MJO, and higher observed frecuency of MJO as El-Nino activity strengthened. Keywords  : band-pass filter; Hovmueller diagram; convection; cross-spectrum; zonal wind
Title: Karakteristik Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) Ketika El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Description:
Perkembangan peristiwa El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) menunjukkan peran penting bagi Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO).
Variasi angin permukaan (UWND) dan konveksi (OLR) intramusiman yang merupakan komponen dari variabilitas MJO sangat berinteraksi dengan komponen ENSO dalam skala waktu dan ruang.
Penelitian ini menggunakan Diagram Hovmueller untuk melihat perambatan konveksi, analisis spektral untuk melihat frekuensi MJO, analisis spektral bilangan gelombang-frekuensi untuk melihat perambatan dan bilangan gelombang zonal, serta analisis spektral silang untuk melihat koherensi serta fase dari konveksi dan angin zonal dengan band-pass filter 20-100 hari.
Secara keseluruhan, hasil analisis spektral menunjukkan MJO memiliki frekuensi 30-60 harian.
Hasil analisis diagram Hovmueller ketika peristiwa El-Nino lemah (tahun 2004-2005) menjelaskan bahwa ada perambatan konveksi ke timur tetapi hanya terjadi pada awal tahun sangat cepat atau tidak beraturan dan kemudian hilang.
Konveksi menunjukkan bilangan gelombang zonal 1 ketika bulan Mei-Okt dan bilangan zonal 1-4 ketika bulan Nov-Apr.
Spektrum silang menunjukkan angin zonal mendahului konveksi 1/8 putaran yang berarti ada hubungan fisis antara UWND dan OLR dengan koherensi 0.
65 di bilangan zonal 1-2.
Ketika peristiwa El-Nino sangat kuat (tahun 1997-1998), diagram Hovmueller menunjukkan tidak adanya perambatan konveksi dari Samudera Hindia ke Pasifik bagian barat.
Anomali dan perambatan konveksi sangat kuat pada awal tahun 1997 ketika fase normal dan melemah pada bulan Juli hingga hilang sama sekali seiring meningkatnya El-Nino.
konveksi menunjukkan bulan Nov-Apr memiliki nilai spektral yang lebih kuat daripada bulan Mei-Okt.
Koherensi menjukkan nilai yang tinggi pada bilangan zonal 1-2 dengan range 0.
35-0.
65, begitupula angin zonal juga mendahului konveksi sebesar 1/8 putaran.
Perubahan signifikan pada MJO terlihat pada perambatan konveksi yang menghilang ketika semakin kuatnya El-Nino.
melemahnya MJO, dan frekuensi dari MJO yang menjadi lebih tinggi.
 Kata Kunci  :  band-pass filter; Diagram Hovmueller; konveksi; spektrum silang; angin zonal The development of ENSO (El-Nino Southern Oscillation) events hows an important role for MJO (Madden Julian Oscillation).
Variation of intraseasonal zonal wind and convection (OLR) are important components of MJO variability which interact with ENSO components in space-time scale.
Before processing, data are filtered with Lanczos bandpass filter 20-100 days.
This research using Hovmueller diagram to see the propagation of convection and zonal wind, spectral analysis to see MJO frequency, wavenumber-frequency spectra to see  propagation of MJO and its zonal wavenumber, and cross-spectrum analysis to see coherence and phase lag between convection and zonal wind.
Spectral analysis have shown that MJO have frequency of 30-60 days.
During weak El-Nino event (1991-1992), Hovmueller diagram have  discovered that there is eastward propagation of convection in the early years but occurs very quickly or irregularly and than dissipated.
Convection have zonal wavenumber of 1 when May-Oct and zonal wavenumber of 1-4 when Nov-Apr.
Cross-spectrum shows that zonal wind leads convection by 1/8 cycle with coherence 0.
65 in zonal wavenumber 1-2.
Hovmueller diagram have shown that there are no eastward propagation from Indian Ocean to Western Pacific during strong El-Nino event (1997-1998).
Convection and propagation were very strong in early 1997 then weakened in July to disappear altogether as El-Nino strenghtened.
Wavenumber-frequency spectra have shown that Nov-Apr convection has weaker value than May-Oct convection.
Cross-spectrum shows large coherence in zonal wavenumber 1-2 with range of 0.
35-0.
65 and zonal wind leads convection by 1/8 cycle.
Significant changes in MJO are seen in the disappearance of propagation of convection, weakening of MJO, and higher observed frecuency of MJO as El-Nino activity strengthened.
 Keywords  : band-pass filter; Hovmueller diagram; convection; cross-spectrum; zonal wind.

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