Effectiveness Treatment of a BRAF-ZKSCAN5 Fusion Gene Melanoma Case with Dabrafenib/Trametinib

The most important driver gene in malignant melanoma is the BRAF mutation, and molecularly targeted therapies targeting mutations, mainly V600E and V600k, are used in clinical practice. In this report, we treated a patient with malignant melanoma expressing a rare BRAF-ZKSCAN5 fusion gene with dabrafenib/trametinib. The patient was a 71-year-old female. She was diagnosed with malignant melanoma (pT4aN3M0, STAGE IIIC) of the abdomen with axillary lymph node metastasis. She underwent extended resection and axillary lymph node dissection and was treated with adjuvant therapy, but lung and mediastinal lymph node metastases developed. The patient was treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic lesions and achieved complete remission, but relapsed and metastatic lesions appeared in the cervical lymph nodes. Next-generation sequencing revealed the BRAF-ZKSCAN5 fusion gene, and treatment with dabrafenib/trametinib was initiated. After 1 month of treatment, tumor growth stopped and the length of the tumor shrank by 22.2%, but she developed grade 3 adverse events of nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea and had difficulty exercising, forcing her to discontinue treatment after 6 weeks. The tumor continued to shrink during drug administration. This case report may provide insight into treatment options for cases in which the BRAF fusion gene was observed, which is expected to be detected in large numbers by next-generation sequencing in the future.