DIAPHYSEAL NUTRIENT FORAMINA IN DIRED HUMAN ADULT LONG BONES OF UPPER LIMB IN PAKISTAN

BACKGROUND: Large and tiny foramina on long bones allow blood vessels to enter. These foramina, which goby diaphyseal nutrient foramina, are bigger and are found mostly in the long bone shafts, where they enter nutritioncanals that lead to the medullary cavity. These nutrition canals house nutrient arteries and veins, which may be seenin long and irregular bones. These foramina are located in the shafts of long bones and various places in irregularbones. The orientation of the nutrition foramina, which develops quicker than the non-growing end, is determined bythe growing end of the bones.STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional StudyDURATION AND PLACE OF STUDY: Department Of Anatomy, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabadfrom jan 2017 to Jan 2018METHODS: The current investigation contained ninety human upper limb long bones. These skeletons were driedand cleaned. Thirty ulnae, 30 radii, and 30 humerii were among them. The anatomy departments of Ayub and KhyberMedical Colleges provided these bones, respectively. It was unknown how old and what gender the bones were. Everybone was examined macroscopically to determine the nutrition foramina’s quantity, orientation, and direction. Simplecounting was done for the number. The foramina were numbered one millimeter from the boundaries. Every locationof the foramina was seen under a microscope. The stiff wire was employed for obliquity and direction.RESULTS: This cross-sectional investigation included 90 lengthy bones of the upper Limb. The long bones of theupper limbs comprise 80% of a single nourishment foramina. There were two nutritional foramina in 18% of theupper limbs’ long bones. The orientation of nutritional foramina was distal in humeri cases. In the cases of radii andulnae, the orientation was proximal.CONCLUSION: The research has supplied further details on the morphology, topography, and foramina index ofthe nutrient foramina. Given the growing popularity of micro-vascular bone transfer, anatomical data about the longbones of the upper limbs is crucial for doctors.KEYWORDS: Bone cortex, ulnae, radii, humerii, nutrient foramina.