Cicero, Marcus Tullius, speeches of

AbstractMarcus Tullius Cicero (106–43BCE) became Rome's leading orator after he successfully prosecuted Gaius Verres in 70, unseating Hortensius, the defense speaker in that case, who had previously enjoyed that distinction. In terms of datable speeches, his oratorical career began with his representation of P. Quinctius, the plaintiff in a private suit in the spring of 81, and ended with his invective in the Senate against P. Servilius Isauricus on April 9, 43. Fifty‐eight speeches have survived in whole or in substantial part, and Crawford (1984) lists eighty‐eight lost and unpublished orations, and sixteen fragmentary speeches. These speeches fall into all three of the standard oratorical categories: deliberative, judicial, and epideictic.