Phthalates and breast cancer

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases in 2022. Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) has been proposed to be a risk factor that may contribute to the risk of developing breast cancer. Phthalates are a class of EDCs used in many consumer products, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic and cosmetics. They are considered to have strong anti-androgenic activity and weaker oestrogenic effects. Phthalates were observed to induce proliferation of breast cancer cells and affect the mammary gland in animals. In humans, exposure to some phthalates may increase breast cancer risk, thus justifying a precautionary approach. Exposure to phthalates can be reduced by using EDC-free products, eating fresh organic food and avoiding pre-packaged food. The harmful effects of some phthalates have also been recognised by the EU and UK, which has led to some restrictions. However, many phthalates are still unregulated and used in many products. Breast Cancer UK is calling for a progressive phasing out of EDCs in consumer and non-essential products.