Metacarpal tuberculosis with Nocardia infection

Abstract Introduction: Isolated metacarpal tuberculosis is rare in orthopedic surgery. In the case of poor efficacy of traditional treatment methods, such as debridement surgery and anti-tuberculosis treatment, it is necessary to consider whether there is a special type of infection. We describe a case of metacarpal tuberculosis with Nocardia infection in a patient. Patient concerns: A 65-year-old male patient who suffered from pain and dysfunction lasted for 6 years. Diagnoses: Confirmation of the diagnosis was finally achieved by isolation of M tuberculosis and Nocardia actinomycetes from bone specimens. Interventions: The patient underwent debridement surgery, Masquelet technique was used during the operation, and oral antibiotics were combined after surgery. Outcomes: Bone graft surgery was performed 6 weeks after the first surgery. We followed up on bone healing at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Tissue-specific necrosis usually occurs in particular types of infections such as tuberculosis, which limits the spread of antibiotics. Masquelet technique seems to bring new options to solve this problem. The performance of Nocardia infection is similar to that of tuberculosis infection, so it is difficult to identify clinically. Therefore, for cases where tuberculosis is suspected, and anti-tuberculosis treatment is ineffective, the possibility of Nocardia infection needs to be considered.