The pelvic wall

Abstract The parietal layer of the pelvic fascia lines the walls of the pelvis. The nerves of the pelvis lie posterior to the parietal fascia. The arteries and veins of the pelvis lie internal (anterior) to the fascia, between the fascia and the parietal peritoneum. The wall of the pelvis is made up of the muscles that line the wall and form the floor of the pelvis, the joints between the bones of the pelvis, the pelvic fascia, and artery, veins, nerves, and lymphatics of the pelvis. The obturator internus, piriformis, coccygeus, and levator ani together form the walls and floor of the pelvis. The internal iliac artery and veins are the main blood vessels in the pelvis. The lumbosacral trunk, sacral plexus, sympathetic trunks, and autonomic plexuses are described. The sacroiliac joint and lumbosacral joints are also described.