Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – Etiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex condition characterized by a broad spectrum of overlapping symptoms and manifesting in multiple systems of the body. Patients experience symptoms such as profound fatigue, post-exertional malaise (PEM), unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive impairments. It affects millions worldwide, yet much is still unknown about its etiology and pathophysiology. The condition's onset is frequently linked to infectious triggers, including viral infections, suggesting a dysregulated immune response as a central component. Diagnosing ME/CFS poses significant challenges due to many unspecific symptoms that overlap with various other conditions. Current treatment strategies focus primarily on symptomatic relief and lifestyle modifications to manage disease impact. The COVID-19 pandemic has further spotlighted ME/CFS, drawing parallels between long COVID and ME/CFS symptomatology and underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive research. Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Infectious trigger, Post-Exertional Malaise, COVID-19, Post-COVID syndrome