PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL DISORDERS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS ACCORDING TO SRQ

Background: mental illnesses are a challenge for health systems and nations. Globally, mental disorders account for 12% and in the Americas alone, there are an estimated 400 million people with psychiatric and neurological disorders. By means of the SRQ test (self-reporting questionnaire) created by the World Health Organization (WHO), it is possible to detect and attend to mental health problems in primary care services, mainly in developing countries, requiring less time and trained personnel. Objective: to describe psychopathological disorders and associated factors according to the SRQ in individuals from San Luis de Cumbe Parish, Cuenca Canton. Methods and materials: The study was a cross-sectional quantitative research, with a universe of 6,582 inhabitants of the San Luis de Cumbe Parish, from which a sample of 364 people was taken with a confidence of 95%, margin of error of 5% and prevalence of 50%. The information was collected by means of a sociodemographic survey and the SRQ test. The data were analyzed through tables and graphs with the statistical calculation program SPSS 25 test version. To determine the association between the object of study and the associated factors, the OR was obtained with its 95% CI and the p value to determine the statistical significance. In addition, several bibliographic studies were used as a source, mainly PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane. Results: In the study population, 19.2% presented depression, 40.7% had anxiety, 13.2% presented psychosis, 6.6% had epilepsy and 13.2% showed alcoholism. Conclusions: depression and anxiety are the most representative psychopathological disorders found in this study, being more common in young adult women, without leaving behind psychosis and alcoholism present in adults regardless of sex, while epilepsy is more common in males regardless of age group. The Chi-square test between sociodemographic factors and risk factors showed that psychosis, epilepsy and alcoholism are present in people whose marital status is free union. Similarly, it was found that Afro-Ecuadorians have epilepsy, while anxiety was present in those of indigenous and mestizo ethnicity. It is advisable to carry out intervention programs and early detection of any psychopathological disorder is of utmost importance, so that the affected individual can receive timely care and reduce possible complications throughout his or her life. The population should be educated about the risk factors involved in the appearance of these pathologies, so that they can prevent or on the other hand learn to live with them, in addition to motivating people, especially health personnel to conduct new research to contribute to the health of the people not only in this parish but also in others. KEY WORDS: depression, anxiety, alcoholism, psychosis, epilepsy, SRQ, Cumbe, DSM5.