DUMPS RECLAMATION FROM MINING OPERATIONS

The purpose of the study is to develop a technology for the reclamation of dumps for the further involvement of disturbed areas in land use. The object of the study is overburden dumps, washing dumps. Extraction of a placer gold deposit in the basin of the river Coloramo in the North Yenisei District was carried out with the use of heavy equipment. After the completion of mining, the landfills worked out by the bulldozer method are represented by overburden dumps and washing dumps. Stripping works are carried out taking into account the subsequent reclamation of disturbed lands. In turn, overburden dumps are subdivided into dumps of topsoil and peat dumps, and washing dumps - into pebble and fraction dumps. Soil dumps are located on the sides of a quarry or in a mined-out area, they are not flooded, the arrangement is represented by terraces, row tops, leveled slope ridges. Overburden dumps are located only on the sides of the quarry. The formed dumps are usually characterized by a higher height than the original valley. The slopes of the washing dumps can be characterized by the angle of repose of the constituent fractions or be leveled by a bulldozer. The location of the pebble dumps of washing and the dumps of large fractions is the mined-out space and the marginal sections of the quarry. At a low height of the stockpiled dumps and when the groundwater level in the reservoir rises, they are flooded. The formation of washing dumps is carried out based on the structure of the placer, the technological equipment used, the volume of washing at each stop of the device. When carrying out mining and preparatory and mining operations, a large amount of overburden rocks are moved, and the fractional composition of the sands supplied for washing is redistributed. Deposit mining systems determine the structure of the dumps. The type of equipment used determines the distribution of dump fractions and the structure of their formation. The areas and layout of dumps depend on the individual characteristics of the placer and the design decisions made. After reclamation, man-made territories should have a terraced (ridged) form of mesorelief, with a small-hilly relief, which contributes to the involvement of disturbed lands in land use, depending on the chosen direction.