Impact of Climate Change on Mango (Mangifera indica L.), Phenology, Yield, and Quality

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a vital tropical and subtropical fruit crop of significant economic and nutritional importance, yet its production faces severe challenges due to climate change. This paper examines the impacts of climate change on mango phenology, yield, and fruit quality, highlighting disruptions caused by rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events such as droughts and heavy rainfall. These changes affect critical physiological processes, including flowering, fruit set, and carbohydrate metabolism, leading to irregular bearing, reduced yields, and compromised fruit quality such as, size, color, and sweetness. climate-induced stressors exacerbate pest and disease pressures, further threatening production. Adaptation and mitigation strategies, including improved irrigation systems, canopy management, mulching, and the use of micronutrients like zinc and boron, are discussed as practical solutions to enhance resilience. The paper also explores future perspectives, emphasizing precision horticulture, climate-smart agricultural practices, and supportive policy frameworks to ensure sustainable mango production. By integrating advanced technologies, resilient cultivars, and innovative farming practices, this study underscores the potential to mitigate climate change impacts and secure mango production for global food security and farmer livelihoods.