Overall Survival in Metastatic Renal Cancer in the Central Region of Morocco: A Real Life Experience Over One Decade

Abstract Background: Available treatments for metastatic RCC (mRCC) are usually non-curative. In the last decade, novel targeted therapies have significantly improved mRCC outcome. The objective in this study was to describe outcomes in patients with mRCC in Morocco.Methods: 100 patients with mRCC were recruited between January 2008 and December 2018 in the Hassan II University Hospital of Fez. Data were retrospectively collected. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to determine overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS).Results: Mean age of the patients was 58.6 years(±12). Sixty seven percent of patients were male. Clear cell carcinoma was the most common histological subtype (78%). According to the IMDC scoring, 72% of patients were in the intermediate and 18% in the poor risk groups. Seventy patients received targeted therapy. Overall response rate (according to RECIST criteria version 1.0) was 38.6%. The median PFS was 7.0 months (95% CI, 4.6 to 9.4). The median OS was 11.6 months (95% CI, 7.9 to 15.3). In the multivariate analysis, cancer specific mortality was impacted by treatment with VEGFR inhibitors (HR: 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.4; p =0.001) and IMDC score (intermediate risk group HR: 3.5 (95% CI, 1.4 to 9.1; p =0.009); and poor risk group HR: 5.5 (95% CI, 1.9 to 16.1; p =0.002)).Conclusion: This is the first report from clinical practice in an African country of OS data in mRCC. The study showed high mortality rates. However, outcomes of VEGFR inhibitors are consistent with studies investigating these treatments.