Anal Cancer Screening: Unveiling its Importance

Anal dysplasia, a precancerous condition of the anal canal, is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern, particularly among individuals with high-risk factors such as patients living with human immunodeficiency virus, men who have sex with men, a history of anogenital cancer, and immunosuppression. Screening for anal dysplasia has emerged as a critical measure for early detection and treatment, in order to prevent progression to invasive AC. This chapter provides an overview of anal dysplasia screening modalities, including anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy, while discussing their benefits and limitations. The significance of risk stratification and prevention measures is also emphasized. The potential benefits of anal dysplasia screening in reducing the burden of anal cancer and improving patient outcomes are highlighted, along with the need for further research and comprehensive screening programs to optimize early detection and management of anal dysplasia.