Antigen evolution from D614, to G614, to Delta, and to Omicron subtype of SARS-CoV-2

Abstract Importance: Since 2019, the antigens from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are keeping in evolution from initial D614, to G614, to Delta, and to Omicron. The reasons of why the D614 subtype of SARS-CoV-2 was mutated to G614 first, to Delta second, and to Omicron third, are very importance in public health.Objective: To determine if the “roughness” of the antigens is difference among the candidates leading to mutated to G614, Delta, and Omicron sub-type of SARS-CoV-2. The hypothesis is that, the “roughest” antigen mutated first, the least “rough” antigen mutated last.Design: Survey the amino acids sequence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2022.Setting: Data from NCBI.Participants: One D614 protein sequence and 3 G614 sequences were selected from NCBI data base. Seven peptides from SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. Our findings suggest that the order of the evolution of antigens were from D614G, that we refer to as “rough” status, to Delta, which we refer to as “precise” status, and to Omicron, that we refer to as the “most precise” status. In this paper, we would like to show initial data of how the antigens from the initial D614 strain evolved to G614, to Delta, then to the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. This finding could help with the development of reagents for detecting both D614G, Delta, and Omicron antigens, or even to help with the development of vaccines against mutated SARS-CoV-2 or to help to control covid-19 pandemic. Antigen for the D614G, Delta, and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 can be designed in silicon, developed in a laboratory, and then confirmed in animal models.