Bovine Tuberculosis: Ethiopian Perspective

Bovine tuberculosis is a significant zoonotic disease affecting livestock and humans worldwide, causing substantial economic losses and posing serious public health risks. This review aims to provide an overview of bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopia, highlighting its prevalence, risk factors, transmission routes, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic methods. Mycobacterium bovis primarily causes bovine tuberculosis, which is characterized by granulomatous lesions in various organs. Transmission occurs through inhalation, ingestion of contaminated materials, and direct contact with infected animals. The age, breed, herd size, and management practices are some of the risk factors for bovine tuberculosis. In Ethiopia, the disease is prevalent but poorly controlled, lacking a national control program. Effective diagnosis relies on methods such as the tuberculin skin test, culture, and PCR. Control measures include test-and-slaughter programs, movement restrictions, biosecurity protocols, and public health education. This review underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive national control strategy, enhanced surveillance, public awareness campaigns, and investment in research to mitigate the impact of bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopia, thereby safeguarding both animal and human health.