An experimental comparison of different kinds of laryngeal muscle reinnervation

In this study, we attempted to determine which method was the best for reinnervating the laryngeal adductor muscles by comparing nerve suture, nerve implantation, and nerve‐muscular pedicle (NMP) transfer, as well as the length of time that could elapse after denervation and still allow for successful reinnervation with the ansa cervicalis. Reinnervation was performed in 36 dogs, at 6‐, 8‐, 10‐, 12‐ and 18‐month intervals after denervation via the three methods of muscle reinnervation described above. We noted some return of adduction in the cases using nerve suture before a 10‐month interval after denervation, and with nerve implantation and NMP transfer before the 8‐month intervals. The variable adduction was caused by reinnervation of the adductor muscles from the ansa cervicalis, as demonstrated by laryngeal spontaneous and evoked electromyography, the strength of muscle contraction, and histologic findings. Adduction was not observed in the cases after the above‐mentioned intervals but partial improvement of the bulk and strength of the reinnervated vocal cord was still achieved. An analysis of the experimental results showed that nerve suture was superior to nerve implantation and the NMP technique. Little difference was noted between nerve implantation and the NMP technique.