Firman of Muhammad Shah Qajar

This firman (royal decree) is from Muhammad Shah Qajar (r. 1834-48). It is addressed to Mu`tamid al-Dawla, the governor of Isfahan; it transfers to Mirza Husayn Khan, the governor of Na’in, mountainside regions that had formerly been under the jurisdiction of Isfahan. The Hijri date Shawwal 1250 corresponds to February 1835, early in the reign of this monarch. The firman is written in nasta`liq, shikasta, and tughra’i scripts within gold cloud bands. The text rises at the end of each line on the left, a convention also found in Ottoman firmans. The five lines of text are interspersed with panels of interlacing serrated leaves in gold. The religious introductory formula is written in tughra’i script at the beginning of the text. On the right hand side is a wide panel of interlacing palmette scrolls in colors and gold. Muhammad Shah’s seal, enclosed by an illuminated quatrefoil motif, is placed in the upper center of the document. There are 11 seal endorsements on the back, some accompanied by signatures and/or inscriptions.