Increased Sperm DNA Damage in Sprague-Dawley Rats Exposed to Dextromethorphan as an Antitussive

Introduction: Male reproductive functions have been observed to be negatively impacted by the antitussive dextromethorphan (DM). It was also discovered that DM has an impact on micronutrients (such as zinc, calcium, and selenium) which are crucial for both capacitation and the acrosome reaction, which can result in infertility. Using Sprague-Dawley rats as models, we investigated the effects of quercetin and rutin on DM-induced toxicity in males in relation to apoptotic protein markers. Methodology: For a period of 16 weeks, 80 male rats, weighing 150 ± 30 g, were utilized and split into four groups. Twenty animals were employed in each group. For a period of 16 weeks, Group B received 20 mg/kg, Group C received 40 mg/kg, and Group D received 80 mg/kg of DM. Group A acted as the control group and received 1 ml of distilled water (DW). Five randomly chosen animals from each group were put to sleep at the end of the DM treatment period, and their testes were taken out to measure DNA fragmentation using comet assay. To ascertain the pace of recovery, the animals were then split into three groups, E–G, and kept for a total of 16 weeks. Group G received 1 ml of DW, Group F was given rutin (25 mg/kg), and Group E was given quercetin (50 mg/kg). Results: Comparing DM-treated groups to control revealed a significant dose-dependent decrease in DNA fragmentation. When DM-treated and recovery-alone groups were contrasted with rutin and quercetin groups, an improvement in DNA was seen. Conclusion: Significant improvements in the parameters were observed when rutin and quercetin supplements were used, which may lessen the harmful effects of DM and enhance male fertility.