Eccentric cycling improves motor learning more than concentric cycling

Abstract An acute bout of aerobic exercise (AAE) performed before practicing a motor task can enhance skill acquisition and motor learning. To date, research on the effects of AAE on motor learning has focused exclusively on concentric cycling, leaving the impact of eccentric cycling unexplored. Unlike concentric cycling, eccentric cycling involves muscle lengthening while resisting the reverse movement of the pedals and is characterized by greater force production with lower cardiovascular and metabolic cost. Regarding neuroplasticity changes, eccentric contractions induced a prolonged decrease in intracortical inhibition compared to concentric contractions. Eccentric cycling AAE also increases activation in cognitive-related regions. Given the involvement of these regions and motor cortex excitability in motor learning, we hypothesized that eccentric cycling AAE would enhance motor learning to a greater extent than concentric AAE. A total of 60 young healthy individuals were allocated to one of three groups that performed 20 min of: i) eccentric cycling; ii) concentric cycling; or iii) seated rest. Both cycling AAE conditions were performed at a power equivalent to 70% peak heart rate (i.e., moderate intensity). A continuous tracking task was used to assess motor skill acquisition (immediately after the intervention) and motor learning (48 h retention test). For both acquisition and retention, the eccentric group outperformed both the concentric and rest groups, while the concentric group also showed a better performance compared to the rest group at retention. Thus, we demonstrated that eccentric cycling AAE enhances motor learning to a greater extent than concentric cycling AAE, while also confirming previous work that showed enhanced motor learning following concentric cycling AAE compared to rest. Our findings suggest that eccentric cycling AAE may have important implications for exercise protocols prescribed in sports-related and clinical contexts. Highlights Eccentric cycling enhanced motor learning to a greater extent than concentric cycling Eccentric and concentric cycling enhanced motor learning more than rest Enhanced skill acquisition occurred after eccentric cycling, along with lower heart rate response and perceived effort. Eccentric cycling may have important implications in sports-related and clinical contexts