Thyroxine levels in male and female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Four major findings are described: (1) The episodic secretion of thyroxine in mature male white-tailed deer is most pronounced in the warmer months (June and September) and least demonstrated during the coldest months (November and January); (2) no clear annual rhythm of thyroxine was demonstrated in juvenile or mature male or mature barren female white-tailed deer. The monthly mean levels in mature males and females oscillate between 11 and 14 μg/100 ml throughout the year; (3) the seasonal levels of thyroxine in mature males are almost identical with the thyroxine levels of adult barren females; (4) the seasonal thyroxine levels of juvenile males are constantly higher than levels found in mature males. However, when these deer reach the age of 3 years, their thyroxine levels decrease to those of the adult.The collected data could serve as a tool of evaluation of population structure for wildlife management purposes.