Prevalence of  toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats in Iraq

Due to their ability to provide food for people, sheep and goats are important to the economies of many nations. Toxoplasma gondii, or T. gondii, is a protozoan parasite that often infects sheep. Stillbirth, early embryonic death and resorption, neonatal mortality, fetal death and mummification, and parasite infection are examples of possible negative effects. The consequences are more severe the earlier in gestation the infection arises. The stage of pregnancy at which the infection occurs in the sheep and goats is connected with the severity of the illness. T. gondii may infect humans and carnivorous animals via the meat of infected sheep and goats. Less than 4% of sheep that are consistently infected with T. gondii carry the parasite vertically to their offspring. The majority of sheep develop the infection after birth. It's possible that T. gondii is more often transmitted in cows than previously believed. However, these results need more evidence acquired using other methods, since they are only reliant on Polymerase Chain Reaction data. Sheep that have been exposed to T. gondii produce robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses that protect them against infection in subsequent pregnancies. To the best of our knowledge, documentation about the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats in Iraq is deficient. As a result, A comprehensive research was conducted to find out how common toxoplasmosis is in sheep and goats in Iraq and how it relates to various risk factors.