Neuroplasticity following short‐term strength training occurs at supraspinal level and is specific for the trained task

AbstractAimsDifferent modalities of strength training cause performance enhancements, which are specific for the trained task. However, the involved mechanisms are still largely unknown. It has been demonstrated that strength training could induce neuroplasticity, which might underlie the performance improvements during the first training sessions. Thus, we hypothesized to find task‐specific neuroplasticity after a short‐term strength training of two distinct strength tasks.MethodsYoung healthy male subjects were exposed to 4 sessions of either maximal isometric explosive (EXPL group, N = 9) or slow sustained (SUS group, N = 10) knee extensions. Pre‐ and post‐training, we measured H‐reflexes and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the vastus lateralis (VL) at the onset of both strength tasks.ResultsPre‐ and post‐training, H‐reflexes remained unchanged in both groups. MEP areas were lower in the trained task in both groups and remained unchanged in the untrained task.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that short‐term strength training induces specific neuroplasticity for the trained task only. The fact that MEPs were lower but H‐reflex amplitudes remained unchanged at the onset of the trained tasks suggests that strength training elicited neuroplasticity at supraspinal level that most likely reflect an improved task‐specific corticospinal efficiency.