Section of Chapter 17 from the "Ten Practices" Volume of the Flower Ornament Sutra (J: Daihōkōbutsu kegonkyō; Skt: Avatamsaka-sutra)

This sutra fragment (mounted as a hanging scroll) is a remnant of a set thought to have been originally dedicated to the temple Senpukuji in Osaka. The text comes from the Flower Ornament Sutra (Avatamsaka sutra in Sanskrit, Daihōkōbutsu kegonkyō in Japanese), a Buddhist text that arrived in Japan during the Nara period (710-784). The sutra’s lessons of universal unity personified by the Cosmic Buddha Vairochana proved essential to the Nara court’s establishment of Buddhism as Japan’s state religion. At some point in the past the sutra was damaged in a fire, which scorched its edges but left much of the text and decorated paper intact. The paper is dyed with indigo to a light blue color and decorated with scattered flakes of gold leaf. Gold pigment was used to create the delicate guidelines within which the text was inscribed in ink. Based on the paper decoration and manner of calligraphy, which is written in evenly spaced, horizontally balanced characters, scorched Senpukuji sutras such as this are considered masterpieces of devotional art from the second half of the 11th century.