Medical Image Segmentation Using Automatic Optimized U-Net Architecture Based on Genetic Algorithm

Image segmentation is a crucial aspect of clinical decision making in medicine, and as such, it has greatly enhanced the sustainability of medical care. Consequently, biomedical image segmentation has become a prominent research area in the field of computer vision. With the advent of deep learning, many manual design-based methods have been proposed and have shown promising results in achieving state-of-the-art performance in biomedical image segmentation. However, these methods often require significant expert knowledge and have an enormous number of parameters, necessitating substantial computational resources. Thus, this paper proposes a new approach called GA-UNet, which employs genetic algorithms to automatically design a U-shape convolution neural network with good performance while minimizing the complexity of its architecture-based parameters, thereby addressing the above challenges. The proposed GA-UNet is evaluated on three datasets: lung image segmentation, cell nuclei segmentation in microscope images (DSB 2018), and liver image segmentation. Interestingly, our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves competitive performance with a smaller architecture and fewer parameters than the original U-Net model. It achieves an accuracy of 98.78% for lung image segmentation, 95.96% for cell nuclei segmentation in microscope images (DSB 2018), and 98.58% for liver image segmentation by using merely 0.24%, 0.48%, and 0.67% of the number of parameters in the original U-Net architecture for the lung image segmentation dataset, the DSB 2018 dataset, and the liver image segmentation dataset, respectively. This reduction in complexity makes our proposed approach, GA-UNet, a more viable option for deployment in resource-limited environments or real-world implementations that demand more efficient and faster inference times.