Comparative Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of Various Fluoride Varnishes in Primary Teeth

A BSTRACT Background: The prevalence of dental caries requires pediatric dentistry to pursue efficient preventive methods to tackle the problem. Multiple research has explored the fluoride varnish effectiveness for remineralization, yet the results show contrasting findings. The proposed research evaluates the effectiveness by which different fluoride varnishes can remineralize primary teeth with demineralized enamel. Materials and Methods: A total of sixty extracted primary teeth received artificial enamel lesions under randomized selection that split them into four groups numbering fifteen specimens each for Groups A and B and C and D. The pH cycling procedure was applied to the samples for 14 days. Metabolic testing of surface microhardness took place using a Vickers hardness tester before initiating treatment and after completion. The research used ANOVA statistical analysis together with post hoc tests while setting the significance threshold at P < 0.05. Results: The application of fluoride varnishes in all test groups produced substantial increases in surface microhardness values than those observed in the control group. The highest level of tooth remineralization occurred in Group A where the restoration increased by 45%, while Group B achieved 38% and Group C gained 30%. The control group experienced inferior dental improvements compared with the experimental groups having only a 5% hard tissue increase. The results demonstrated that Group A obtained superior values compared with other groups, while statistical findings indicated a significant group variation with P < 0.001. Conclusion: The highest level of primary tooth remineralization occurs when using 5% sodium fluoride varnish as an effective preventive treatment. Tricalcium phosphate and amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride varnishes demonstrated strong effectiveness in addition to 5% sodium fluoride varnish. Research findings demonstrate that fluoride varnishes need to be considered a fundamental approach for handling young children’s early enamel lesion management.