Development of Digital Comic Media Si Bulus-Bulus Si Rumbuk-Rumbuk to Improve Students' Nationalism Attitudes at State Elementary School 181 Muara Mais

This study aims to develop the digital comic media Si Bulus-Bulus Si Rumbuk- Rumbuk as a learning medium for Civic Education (PPKn) to help foster students' nationalistic attitudes, particularly love for the homeland, among fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 181 Muara Mais. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D development model, which was limited to the 3D stages, namely Define, Design, and Develop. The Define stage involved needs analysis, student analysis, curriculum analysis, and material analysis. The Design stage consisted of developing the nationalism materials, storyline, characters, illustrations, dialogues, storyboard, and media layout using Canva, followed by presenting the product in a digital flipbook format. The Develop stage involved realizing the design, conducting validation by material, media, and language experts, revising the product, and testing the practicality of the media through teacher and student responses. The results showed that the media obtained a validation score of 100% from the material expert, 96% from the media expert, and 96% from the language expert, indicating that the media was categorized as highly valid. The practicality test obtained a 100% response from the teacher and 97% from the students, indicating that the media was categorized as highly practical. The developed digital comic integrates stories, illustrations, dialogues, moral messages, the introduction of Willem Iskander as a local figure, and elements of local wisdom to present nationalism values in a contextual manner. Therefore, the digital comic media Si Bulus-Bulus Si Rumbuk-Rumbuk is considered valid and practical for use as a PPKn learning medium to support the development of nationalistic attitudes among fourth-grade students.